|
|common_name = Palestinian territories |linking_name = the Palestinian territories |image_flag = |image_coat = |image_map = Palestinian territories (orthographic projection).svg |map_width = 220px |image_map2 = Occupied Palestinian Territories.jpg |map2_caption = Palestinian Territories according to a Green Line based definition |map2_width = 250px |demonym = |languages = |languages_type = Languages |largest_settlement_type = cities, within the area bounded by the Green line |largest_settlement = |area_km2 = 6,220 |area_footnote = | Gaza Strip: 360 km2 }} |area_sq_mi = 2,402 |percent_water = 3.5 |ethnic_groups = |population_census = 3,719,189 (Pal.)〔http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/gover_e.htm〕〔http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/population_dE.pdf〕 |population_census_year = 2007 |population_label2 = Palestinians (2014) |population_data2 = 4,550,000〔 |population_label3 = Settlers (2012) |population_data3 = 564,000〔 |population_density_km2 = 654〔 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,694 |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2010 |HDI_change = |HDI = 0.645 |HDI_ref = 〔http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/Lets-Talk-HD-HDI_2010.pdf〕 |HDI_rank = 97th |currency= |country_code = PS, IL |time_zone = |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +3 |drives_on=right |calling_code = +970d |cctld = |footnote_a = Used in Gaza Strip since 1951. |footnote_b = Used since 1985. |footnote_c = Used in West Bank since 1950. |footnote_d = +972 also used. }} "Palestinian territories" and "occupied Palestinian territories" (OPT or oPt) are descriptions often used to describe the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip which are occupied or otherwise under the control of Israel. Israeli governments have maintained that the area involved is within territorial dispute.〔(FAQ: The Peace process with the Palestinians – Dec 2009 ). Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2012-01-15.〕〔(From "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories," by Dore Gold ). Jcpa.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-15.〕 The extent of the territories, while subject to future negotiations, have frequently been defined by the Green Line. The term "Palestinian Territory, Occupied" had been utilized by the UN and other international organizations between 1998 to 2013 in order to refer to the Palestinian National Authority; it was replaced in UN Secretariat communications by the term State of Palestine starting in 2012, and the ISO adopted the name change in 2013.〔()〕 However, as of August 2015, the UN Security Council continues to treat Palestine as a non-sovereign entity, which also prevents its admission to UN General Assembly membership. Israel occupied the territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the Six-Day War of 1967, which had been earlier occupied by Jordan and Egypt respectively, and has maintained control of them since. In 1980, Israel officially absorbed East Jerusalem and considers the whole of Jerusalem to be its capital. The inclusion, though never formally amounting to legal annexation, was condemned internationally and declared "null and void" by the United Nations Security Council.〔(De Jerusalen a Ramala(2013)(Retrieved 5 May 2013) )〕 The Palestinian National Authority, the United Nations,〔Resolution 446, Resolution 465, Resolution 484, among others〕 the international legal and humanitarian bodies and the international community 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=EU-Settlements Watch )〕 regard East Jerusalem as part of the West Bank, and consequently a part of the Palestinian territories. The Palestinian National Authority never exercised sovereignty over the area, although it housed its offices in Orient House and several other buildings as an assertion of its sovereign interests,〔Shlomo Slonim, (''Jerusalem in America's Foreign Policy: 1947 - 1997,'' ) Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1998 pp.332-333.〕〔Menachem Klein, (The Contested City,' ) C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2001 pp.189ff., passim.〕 until Israel shut them down in response to the Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing.〔Yaacov Lozowick, Right to Exist, 2003, p.20〕 Israeli sovereignty, however, has not been recognized by any country, since the unilateral annexation of territory occupied during war contravenes the Fourth Geneva Convention.〔(The Right of Conquest ) By Sharon Korman〕 In 1988, with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) intention to declare a Palestinian State, Jordan renounced all territorial claims to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.〔Human Rights Watch, 1 February 2010; (''Stateless Again – II. International and Jordanian Law'' )〕 Since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988, 135 UN Member Nations have recognized the State of Palestine, comprising the Palestinian territories. It has not been recognized by Israel and some Western nations, including the United States. In 1993, following the Oslo Accords, parts of the territories politically came under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority (Areas A and B). Israel still exercises full military control and, civil control over 61% of the West Bank (Area C). The Oslo Accords established access to the sea for Gaza within 20 nautical miles from the shore. The Berlin Commitment of 2002 reduced this to . In October 2006 Israel imposed a 6-mile limit, and at the conclusion of the Gaza War restricted access to a 3-nautical-mile limit, beyond which a no-go zone exists. As a result, over 3,000 fishermen are denied access to 85% of the maritime areas agreed to in 1995.〔('Gaza in 2020: A liveable place?,' ) UNRWA, August 2012〕 The majority of the Dead Sea area is off-limits to Palestinian use, and Palestinians are denied access to its coast line.〔( 'Humanitarian Fact Sheet on the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea Area,' ) OCHA, February 2012.〕 Israel disengaged from the Gaza strip in 2005. However, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are still considered to be occupied by Israel according to the international community.〔 The Hamas takeover of Gaza in 2007 divided the Palestinian territories politically, with Abbas’s Fatah left largely ruling the West Bank and recognized internationally as the official Palestinian Authority (see: Fatah-Hamas conflict). In 2014, there was an agreement between the two political groups to hold elections and form a compromise unity government. The 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict intervened; however the unity government survived. == Name == There are disagreements over what the Palestinian territories should be called. The United Nations, the European Union, International Committee of the Red Cross and the government of the United Kingdom all refer to the "Occupied Palestinian Territories". The International Court of Justice refers to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as "the Occupied Palestinian Territory" and this term is used as the legal definition by the International Court of Justice in the ruling in July 2004.〔() "International Court of Justice Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders – Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Advisory Opinion of 9 July 2004 ", Retrieved 11 August 2013〕 Other terms used to describe these areas collectively include "the disputed territories", and "Israeli-occupied territories". Further terms include "Palestine", "State of Palestine", "Yesha" (Judea-Samaria-Gaza), "Yosh" (Judea and Samaria), the "Katif Strip" (Gaza Strip), "Palestinian Autonomous Areas" (although this term is also used to specifically refer to Area's A and B), "Palestinian Administered Territories",〔 "administered territories", "territories of undetermined permanent status", "1967 territories", and simply "the territories". Many Arab and Islamic leaders, including some Palestinians, use the designation "Palestine" and "occupied Palestine" to imply a Palestinian political or religious claim to sovereignty over the whole former territory of the British Mandate west of the Jordan River, including all of Israel.〔See, for example,(The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement 18 August 1988 ) 〕 Many of them view the land of Palestine as an Islamic Waqf (trust) for future Muslim generations. A parallel exists in the aspirations of David Ben-Gurion, Menachem Begin, and other Zionists and Jewish religious leaders to establish Jewish sovereignty over all of Greater Israel in trust for the Jewish people.〔See, for example, (Open a Bible )〕〔The (Likud—Platform ) states "The Government of Israel flatly rejects the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state west of the Jordan River. The Palestinians can run their lives freely in the framework of self-rule, but not as an independent and sovereign state."〕 However, this dispute is not related to religion for many Arabs, but simply an issue of rights, as the land was inhabited by Arabs (as well as a minority of Jews) before the Zionist movement began. Many Israelis object to the term "Occupied Palestinian Territories" and similar descriptions because they maintain such designations disregard Israeli claims to the West Bank and Gaza, or prejudice negotiations involving possible border changes, arguing that the armistice line agreed to after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War was not intended as a permanent border. Dore Gold wrote, "It would be far more accurate to describe the West Bank and Gaza Strip as "disputed territories" to which both Israelis and Palestinians have claims."〔('Occupied Territories' to 'Disputed Territories,' Dore Gold, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=380&PID=1864&IID=1115 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palestinian territories」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|